Word Lists, Sources & Licenses

# Third-party word lists / 第三方词库署名

本产品使用以下公开词库。相应版权与许可声明随产品一起提供。

| 来源 | 许可 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|
| ENABLE1 word list (dolph/dictionary) | Public Domain | 主词库 |
| dwyl/english-words words_alpha.txt | Unlicense | 扩展词库 |
| hermitdave/FrequencyWords en_50k.txt | MIT | 词频排序 |
| google-10000-english | MIT / public-domain list | 常见词白名单 |
| WordNet 3.0 (Princeton University) | WordNet license, 需署名 | 短释义 |
| SCOWL (Kevin Atkinson) | 宽松许可，需保留版权与许可声明 | 分级方案参考 / 后续升级 |

> 本站词库为通用英文拼写词表，**不是** Scrabble / Words With Friends / Wordle 的官方词表，
> 不适用于任何官方赛事裁定。相关商标归各自权利人所有，本站与其无关联。

## SCOWL Copyright（原文，保留以满足其许可要求）

```
The collective work is Copyright 2000-2018 by Kevin Atkinson as well
as any of the copyrights mentioned below:

  Copyright 2000-2018 by Kevin Atkinson

  Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell these word
  lists, the associated scripts, the output created from the scripts,
  and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
  provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and
  that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
  supporting documentation. Kevin Atkinson makes no representations
  about the suitability of this array for any purpose. It is provided
  "as is" without express or implied warranty.

Alan Beale <[email protected]> also deserves special credit as he has,
in addition to providing the 12Dicts package and being a major
contributor to the ENABLE word list, given me an incredible amount of
feedback and created a number of special lists (those found in the
Supplement) in order to help improve the overall quality of SCOWL.

The 10 level includes the 1000 most common English words (according to
the Moby (TM) Words II [MWords] package), a subset of the 1000 most
common words on the Internet (again, according to Moby Words II), and
frequently class 16 from Brian Kelk's "UK English Wordlist
with Frequency Classification".

The MWords package was explicitly placed in the public domain:

    The Moby lexicon project is complete and has
    been place into the public domain. Use, sell,
    rework, excerpt and use in any way on any platform.

    Placing this material on internal or public servers is
    also encouraged. The compiler is not aware of any
    export restrictions so freely distribute world-wide.

    You can verify the public domain status by contacting

    Grady Ward
    3449 Martha Ct.
    Arcata, CA  95521-4884

    [email protected]
    [email protected]

The "UK English Wordlist With Frequency Classification" is also in the
Public Domain:

  Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2000 20:27:21 +0100
  From: Brian Kelk <[email protected]>

  > I was wondering what the copyright status of your "UK English
  > Wordlist With Frequency Classification" word list as it seems to
  > be lacking any copyright notice.

  There were many many sources in total, but any text marked
  "copyright" was avoided. Locally-written documentation was one
  source. An earlier version of the list resided in a filespace called
  PUBLIC on the University mainframe, because it was considered public
  domain.

  Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2000 19:31:34 +0100

  > So are you saying your word list is also in the public domain?

  That is the intention.

The 20 level includes frequency classes 7-15 from Brian's word list.

The 35 level includes frequency classes 2-6 and words appearing in at
least 11 of 12 dictionaries as indicated in the 12Dicts package.  All
words from the 12Dicts package have had likely inflections added via
my inflection database.

The 12Dicts package and Supplement is in the Public Domain.

The WordNet database, which was used in the creation of the
Inflections database, is under the following copyright:

  This software and database is being provided to you, the LICENSEE,
  by Princeton University under the following license.  By obtaining,
  using and/or copying this software and database, you agree that you
  have read, understood, and will comply with these terms and
  conditions.:

  Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
  database and its documentation for any purpose and without fee or
  royalty is hereby granted, provided that you agree to comply with
  the following copyright notice and statements, including the
  disclaimer, and that the same appear on ALL copies of the software,
  database and documentation, including modifications that you make
  for internal use or for distribution.

  WordNet 1.6 Copyright 1997 by Princeton University.  All rights
  reserved.

  THIS SOFTWARE AND DATABASE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND PRINCETON
  UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
  IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PRINCETON
  UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
  ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE
  LICENSED SOFTWARE, DATABASE OR DOCUMENTATION WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY
  THIRD PARTY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS.

  The name of Princeton University or Princeton may not be used in
  advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software
  and/or database.  Title to copyright in this software, database and
  any associated documentation shall at all times remain with
  Princeton University and LICENSEE agrees to preserve same.

The 40 level includes words from Alan's 3esl list found in version 4.0
of his 12dicts package.  Like his other stuff the 3esl list is also in the
public domain.

The 50 level includes Brian's frequency class 1, words appearing
in at least 5 of 12 of the dictionaries as indicated in the 12Dicts
package, and uppercase words in at least 4 of the previous 12
dictionaries.  A decent number of proper names is also included: The
top 1000 male, female, and Last names from the 1990 Census report; a
list of names sent to me by Alan Beale; and a few names that I added
myself.  Finally a small list of abbreviations not commonly found in
other word lists is included.

The name files form the Census report is a government document which I
don't think can be copyrighted.

The file special-jargon.50 uses common.lst and word.lst from the
"Unofficial Jargon File Word Lists" which is derived from "The Jargon
File".  All of which is in the Public Domain.  This file also contain
a few extra UNIX terms which are found in the file "unix-terms" in the
special/ directory.

The 55 level includes words from Alan's 2of4brif list found in version
4.0 of his 12dicts package.  Like his other stuff the 2of4brif is also
in the public domain.

The 60 level includes all words appearing in at least 2 of the 12
dictionaries as indicated by the 12Dicts package.

The 70 level includes Brian's frequency class 0 and the 74,550 common
dictionary words from the MWords package.  The common dictionary words,
like those from the 12Dicts package, have had all likely inflections
added.  The 70 level also included the 5desk list from version 4.0 of
the 12Dics package which is in the public domain.

The 80 level includes the ENABLE word list, all the lists in the
ENABLE supplement package (except for ABLE), the "UK Advanced Cryptics
Dictionary" (UKACD), the list of signature words from the YAWL package,
and the 10,196 places list from the MWords package.

The ENABLE package, mainted by M\Cooper <[email protected]>,
is in the Public Domain:

  The ENABLE master word list, WORD.LST, is herewith formally released
  into the Public Domain. Anyone is free to use it or distribute it in
  any manner they see fit. No fee or registration is required for its
  use nor are "contributions" solicited (if you feel you absolutely
  must contribute something for your own peace of mind, the authors of
  the ENABLE list ask that you make a donation on their behalf to your
  favorite charity). This word list is our gift to the Scrabble
  community, as an alternate to "official" word lists. Game designers
  may feel free to incorporate the WORD.LST into their games. Please
  mention the source and credit us as originators of the list. Note
  that if you, as a game designer, use the WORD.LST in your product,
  you may still copyright and protect your product, but you may *not*
  legally copyright or in any way restrict redistribution of the
  WORD.LST portion of your product. This *may* under law restrict your
  rights to restrict your users' rights, but that is only fair.

UKACD, by J Ross Beresford <[email protected]>, is under the
following copyright:

  Copyright (c) J Ross Beresford 1993-1999. All Rights Reserved.

  The following restriction is placed on the use of this publication:
  if The UK Advanced Cryptics Dictionary is used in a software package
  or redistributed in any form, the copyright notice must be
  prominently displayed and the text of this document must be included
  verbatim.

  There are no other restrictions: I would like to see the list
  distributed as widely as possible.

The 95 level includes the 354,984 single words, 256,772 compound
words, 4,946 female names and the 3,897 male names, and 21,986 names
from the MWords package, ABLE.LST from the ENABLE Supplement, and some
additional words found in my part-of-speech database that were not
found anywhere else.

Accent information was taken from UKACD.

The VarCon package was used to create the American, British, Canadian,
and Australian word list.  It is under the following copyright:

  Copyright 2000-2016 by Kevin Atkinson

  Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this array, the
  associated software, and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
  granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appears
  in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
  notice appear in supporting documentation. Kevin Atkinson makes no
  representations about the suitability of this array for any
  purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

  Copyright 2016 by Benjamin Titze

  Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this array, the
  associated software, and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
  granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appears
  in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
  notice appear in supporting documentation. Benjamin Titze makes no
  representations about the suitability of this array for any
  purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

  Since the original words lists come from the Ispell distribution:

  Copyright 1993, Geoff Kuenning, Granada Hills, CA
  All rights reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  are met:

  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  3. All modifications to the source code must be clearly marked as
     such.  Binary redistributions based on modified source code
     must be clearly marked as modified versions in the documentation
     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  (clause 4 removed with permission from Geoff Kuenning)
  5. The name of Geoff Kuenning may not be used to endorse or promote
     products derived from this software without specific prior
     written permission.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY GEOFF KUENNING AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL GEOFF KUENNING OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  SUCH DAMAGE.
```

## 附：各来源许可 / README 原文

### FrequencyWords-README

```
# FrequencyWords
Repository for Frequency Word List Generator and processed files

In early days I hosted the generated files on OneDrive with my blog https://invokeit.wordpress.com/frequency-word-lists/ linking to it.
Moving forward, the code and the generated outputs are on GitHub.

### OpenSubtitle tokenized source
The data used to generate 2016 lists can be found at http://opus.lingfil.uu.se/OpenSubtitles2016.php 
The data used to generate 2018 lists can be found at http://opus.nlpl.eu/OpenSubtitles2018.php

### Format
Frequency lists are on the `{word}{space}{numer_of_occurences_in_corpus}`. By example, in file `en_50k.txt` :
```
you 22484400
i 19975318
the 17594291
to 13200962
...
```

### Usages
These data are reused by various widely used opensource projects, among which Wikipedia, input methods and autocomplete keyoards, etc.

### License 
MIT License for code.<br>
CC-by-sa-4.0 for content.
```

### FrequencyWords

```
MIT License

Copyright (c) 2016 Hermit Dave

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
```

### WordNet-3.0

```
WordNet Release 3.0

This software and database is being provided to you, the LICENSEE, by  
Princeton University under the following license.  By obtaining, using  
and/or copying this software and database, you agree that you have  
read, understood, and will comply with these terms and conditions.:  
  
Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and  
database and its documentation for any purpose and without fee or  
royalty is hereby granted, provided that you agree to comply with  
the following copyright notice and statements, including the disclaimer,  
and that the same appear on ALL copies of the software, database and  
documentation, including modifications that you make for internal  
use or for distribution.  
  
WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University.  All rights reserved.  
  
THIS SOFTWARE AND DATABASE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND PRINCETON  
UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR  
IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PRINCETON  
UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-  
ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE  
OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE, DATABASE OR DOCUMENTATION WILL NOT  
INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR  
OTHER RIGHTS.  
  
The name of Princeton University or Princeton may not be used in  
advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software  
and/or database.  Title to copyright in this software, database and  
any associated documentation shall at all times remain with  
Princeton University and LICENSEE agrees to preserve same.
```

### dolph-dictionary-README

```
List of the Most Common English Words
=====================================

According to an article entitled [The words in the mental cupboard] published
by the BBC, "An ordinary person, one who has not been to university say, would
know about 35,000 quite easily."

The Unix dictionary (included here as `unix-words`) contains far too many
ridiculous words that even Google has trouble explaining, such as `zuurveldt`,
`cholecystenterorrhaphy` and `nonly`:

    $ cat unix-words | wc -l
    235886

Even `enable1.txt`, the more verbose alternative to the *Official Scrabble
Players Dictionary* (`ospd.txt`, which is limited to words of 8 letters or
less) used by [Words with Friends], contains more words than any English
speaking adult would reasonably be familiar with:

    $ cat enable1.txt | wc -l
    172823

`popular.txt`
-------------

`popular.txt` represents the common subset of words found in both `enable1.txt`
and [Wiktionary's word frequency lists], which are in turn compiled by
statistically analyzing a sample of 29 million words used in English TV and
movie scripts.

    $ cat popular.txt | wc -l
    25322

These are 25,322 words that everyone should be familiar with.

Files
-----

* `popular.txt`: the list of common words described above.
* `enable1.txt`: the ENABLE word list.
* `ospd.txt`: the *Official Scrabble Players Dictionary* word list.
* `unix-words`: a copy of the Unix dictionary, `/usr/share/dict/words`.
* `filter.py`: prints the words that two word lists have in common, which is
  how `popular.txt` was produced:

      $ python3 filter.py enable1.txt <wiktionary-word-list> > popular.txt

[The words in the mental cupboard]: https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8013859.stm
[Words with Friends]: https://www.wordswithfriends.com/
[Wiktionary's word frequency lists]: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Frequency_lists#English
```

### dwyl-english-words-README

```
List Of English Words
=============

A text file containing over 466k English words.

While searching for a list of english words (for an auto-complete tutorial)
I found: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2213607/how-to-get-english-language-word-database which refers to [https://www.infochimps.com/datasets/word-list-350000-simple-english-words-excel-readable](https://web.archive.org/web/20131118073324/https://www.infochimps.com/datasets/word-list-350000-simple-english-words-excel-readable) (archived).

No idea why infochimps put the word list inside an excel (.xls) file.

I pulled out the words into a simple new-line-delimited text file.
Which is more useful when building apps or importing into databases etc.

Copyright still belongs to them.

Files you may be interested in:

-  [words.txt](words.txt) contains all words.
-  [words_alpha.txt](words_alpha.txt) contains only [[:alpha:]] words (words that only have letters, no numbers or symbols). If you want a quick solution choose this.
-  [words_dictionary.json](words_dictionary.json) contains all the words from words_alpha.txt as json format. 
If you are using Python, you can easily load this file and use it as a dictionary for faster performance. All the words are assigned with 1 in the dictionary.

See [read_english_dictionary.py](read_english_dictionary.py) for example usage.
```

### fivethirtyeight-data

```
![GitHub repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/fivethirtyeight/data)

See the [index](https://github.com/fivethirtyeight/data/blob/master/index.csv) for a list of the data and code we've published and their accompanying stories.

As of June 13, 2023, sports predictions and forecasts are [no longer being updated](https://awfulannouncing.com/disney/fivethirtyeight-no-more-sports-forecasts.html). 

Unless otherwise noted, our data sets are available under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), and the code is available under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT). If you find this information useful, please [let us know](mailto:[email protected]).
```

### google-10000-english-README

```
[![Not Maintained](https://img.shields.io/badge/Maintenance%20Level-Not%20Maintained-yellow.svg)](https://gist.github.com/cheerfulstoic/d107229326a01ff0f333a1d3476e068d)

About This Repo
===============

This repo contains a list of the 10,000 most common English words in order of frequency, as determined by [n-gram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-gram) [frequency analysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_analysis) of the [Google's Trillion Word Corpus](https://books.google.com/ngrams/info).

According to the [Google Machine Translation Team](https://ai.googleblog.com/2006/08/all-our-n-gram-are-belong-to-you.html):

>Here at Google Research we have been using word n-gram models for a variety of R&D projects, such as statistical machine translation, speech recognition, spelling correction, entity detection, information extraction, and others. While such models have usually been estimated from training corpora containing at most a few billion words, we have been harnessing the vast power of Google's datacenters and distributed processing infrastructure to process larger and larger training corpora. We found that there's no data like more data, and scaled up the size of our data by one order of magnitude, and then another, and then one more - resulting in a training corpus of one trillion words from public Web pages.
>
>We believe that the entire research community can benefit from access to such massive amounts of data. It will advance the state of the art, it will focus research in the promising direction of large-scale, data-driven approaches, and it will allow all research groups, no matter how large or small their computing resources, to play together. That's why we decided to share this enormous dataset with everyone. We processed 1,024,908,267,229 words of running text and are publishing the counts for all 1,176,470,663 five-word sequences that appear at least 40 times. There are 13,588,391 unique words, after discarding words that appear less than 200 times.

This repo is derived from [Peter Norvig's](https://norvig.com/ngrams/) compilation of the [1/3 million most frequent English words](https://norvig.com/ngrams/count_1w.txt). I limited this file to the 10,000 most common words, then removed the appended frequency counts by running this sed command in my text editor: 

    sed 's/[0-9]*//g'

Special thanks to [koseki](https://github.com/koseki) for [de-duplicating the list](https://github.com/first20hours/google-10000-english/issues/6).

Swear-free lists
-----

There are two additional lists which are identical to the original 10,000 word list, but with swear words removed. Swear words were removed based on these lists:

* [reimertz/curse-words](https://github.com/reimertz/curse-words)
* [MauriceButler/badwords](https://github.com/MauriceButler/badwords)
* [LDNOOBW/List-of-Dirty-Naughty-Obscene-and-Otherwise-Bad-Words](https://github.com/LDNOOBW/List-of-Dirty-Naughty-Obscene-and-Otherwise-Bad-Words)

Word length lists
-----

Three of the lists (all based on the US english list) are based on word length:

* **Short**: 1-4 characters
* **Medium**: 5-8 characters
* **Long**: 9+ characters

Each list retains the original list sorting (by frequency, decending).

Usage
-----

This repo is useful as a corpus for typing training programs. According to analysis of the [Oxford English Corpus](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/explore/what-can-corpus-tell-us-about-language/), the 7,000 most common English lemmas account for approximately 90% of usage, so a 10,000 word training corpus is more than sufficient for practical training applications.

To use this list as a training corpus in [Amphetype](https://code.google.com/archive/p/amphetype/), paste the contents into the "Lesson Generator" tab with the following settings:

    Make **3** copies of the list

    Divide into sublists of size **3**

    Add to sources as **google-10000-english**

In the "Sources" tab, you should see **google-10000-english** available for training. Set WPM at 10 more than your current average, set accuracy to 98%, and you're set to train.

Enjoy!
```

### random-name

```
Copyright (c) 2012 'Dominic Tarr'

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, 
to any person obtaining a copy of this software and 
associated documentation files (the "Software"), to 
deal in the Software without restriction, including 
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, 
merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom 
the Software is furnished to do so, 
subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice 
shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, 
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES 
OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR 
ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, 
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
```